See certować on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Brückner, Aleksander (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1927), “certować_się”, in <cite>Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego</cite> [<cite>Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language</cite>] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna</span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Witold Doroszewski, editor (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1958–1969), “certować”, in <cite>Słownik języka polskiego</cite> (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN</span></span>>",
"3": "la:certō<id:match><bor>",
"4": "-ować",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krey-\nProto-Italic *kritos\nLatin certus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin certōbor.\nProto-Indo-European *h₂euh₁-der.?\nProto-Slavic *-ovati\nOld Polish -ować\nPolish -ować\nPolish certować\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kritos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"certus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"certō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to help\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂euh₁-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ovati\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ować\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ować\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"certować\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"certować\">\nFrom Latin certō + Polish -ować.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krey-\nProto-Italic *kritos\nLatin certus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin certōbor.\nProto-Indo-European *h₂euh₁-der.?\nProto-Slavic *-ovati\nOld Polish -ować\nPolish -ować\nPolish certować\nFrom Latin certō + Polish -ować.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "certować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "certować impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cer‧to‧wać"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cer‧to‧wać"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ować",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of współzawodniczyć"
],
"id": "en-certować-pl-verb-gRbO5J32",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":o(acc)<for something>"
},
"expansion": "[with o (+ accusative) ‘for something’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"o",
"(+",
"accusative)",
"‘for",
"something’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"współzawodniczyć",
"współzawodniczyć#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, archaic) synonym of współzawodniczyć [with o (+ accusative) ‘for something’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "współzawodniczyć"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ować",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of pasować się (“to wrestle”)"
],
"id": "en-certować-pl-verb-dBgPAziP",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"pasować się",
"pasować#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, archaic) synonym of pasować się (“to wrestle”)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "to wrestle",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "pasować się"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɛrˈtɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "certować"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Corruption of cektować.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "certować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "certować impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cer‧to‧wać"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cer‧to‧wać"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to coddle, to handle with kid gloves"
],
"id": "en-certować-pl-verb-sPs7sBzz",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":z(ins)<someone/something>"
},
"expansion": "[with z (+ instrumental) ‘someone/something’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"z",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘someone/something’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"coddle",
"coddle"
],
[
"handle with kid gloves",
"handle with kid gloves"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, colloquial) to coddle, to handle with kid gloves [with z (+ instrumental) ‘someone/something’]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cackać się"
},
{
"word": "ceregielić się"
},
{
"word": "certolić się"
},
{
"word": "pieścić się"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 4 37 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 9 35 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 9 32 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to stand on ceremony"
],
"id": "en-certować-pl-verb-V2d6jLMU",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"stand on ceremony",
"stand on ceremony"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, colloquial) to stand on ceremony"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ceregielić się"
},
{
"word": "certolić się"
},
{
"word": "wzbraniać się"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɛrˈtɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "certować"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish imperfective verbs",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *krey-",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ować",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ/3 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Brückner, Aleksander (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1927), “certować_się”, in <cite>Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego</cite> [<cite>Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language</cite>] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna</span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Witold Doroszewski, editor (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1958–1969), “certować”, in <cite>Słownik języka polskiego</cite> (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN</span></span>>",
"3": "la:certō<id:match><bor>",
"4": "-ować",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krey-\nProto-Italic *kritos\nLatin certus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin certōbor.\nProto-Indo-European *h₂euh₁-der.?\nProto-Slavic *-ovati\nOld Polish -ować\nPolish -ować\nPolish certować\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kritos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"certus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"certō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to help\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂euh₁-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ovati\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ować\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ować\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"certować\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"certować\">\nFrom Latin certō + Polish -ować.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *krey-\nProto-Italic *kritos\nLatin certus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin certōbor.\nProto-Indo-European *h₂euh₁-der.?\nProto-Slavic *-ovati\nOld Polish -ować\nPolish -ować\nPolish certować\nFrom Latin certō + Polish -ować.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "certować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "certować impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cer‧to‧wać"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cer‧to‧wać"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish intransitive verbs",
"Polish terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of współzawodniczyć"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":o(acc)<for something>"
},
"expansion": "[with o (+ accusative) ‘for something’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"o",
"(+",
"accusative)",
"‘for",
"something’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"współzawodniczyć",
"współzawodniczyć#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, archaic) synonym of współzawodniczyć [with o (+ accusative) ‘for something’]"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "współzawodniczyć"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs",
"Polish terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"synonym of pasować się (“to wrestle”)"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"pasować się",
"pasować#Polish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, archaic) synonym of pasować się (“to wrestle”)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"extra": "to wrestle",
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "pasować się"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɛrˈtɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "certować"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish imperfective verbs",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔvat͡ɕ/3 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Corruption of cektować.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "certować",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf"
},
"expansion": "certować impf",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cer‧to‧wać"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cer‧to‧wać"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to coddle, to handle with kid gloves"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":z(ins)<someone/something>"
},
"expansion": "[with z (+ instrumental) ‘someone/something’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"z",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘someone/something’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"coddle",
"coddle"
],
[
"handle with kid gloves",
"handle with kid gloves"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, colloquial) to coddle, to handle with kid gloves [with z (+ instrumental) ‘someone/something’]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cackać się"
},
{
"word": "ceregielić się"
},
{
"word": "certolić się"
},
{
"word": "pieścić się"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to stand on ceremony"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"stand on ceremony",
"stand on ceremony"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się, colloquial) to stand on ceremony"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ceregielić się"
},
{
"word": "certolić się"
},
{
"word": "wzbraniać się"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɛrˈtɔ.vat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔvat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "certować"
}
Download raw JSONL data for certować meaning in All languages combined (9.6kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/328",
"msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
"path": [
"certować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "certować",
"trace": "started on line 3, detected on line 23"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"certować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "certować",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 23"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"certować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "certować",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/328",
"msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
"path": [
"certować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "certować",
"trace": "started on line 3, detected on line 23"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"certować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "certować",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 23"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"certować"
],
"section": "Polish",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "certować",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.